• A soldier talks on a megaphone as Egyptian men line up to vote in the country’s parliamentary election at a polling center in the Shubra neighborhood of Cairo, Egypt, Monday, Nov. 28, 2011. Shaking off years of political apathy, Egyptians on Monday began voting in their nation’s first parliamentary elections since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster, a giant step toward what many in the country hope will be a democratic Egypt after decades of dictatorship.(AP Photo/David Sperry)

    A soldier talks on a megaphone as Egyptian men line up to vote in the country’s parliamentary election at a polling center in the Shubra neighborhood of Cairo, Egypt, Monday, Nov. 28, 2011. Shaking off years of political apathy, Egyptians on Monday began voting in their nation’s first parliamentary elections since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster, a giant step toward what many in the country hope will be a democratic Egypt after decades of dictatorship.(AP Photo/David Sperry)

    Egyptian men line up to vote in the country’s parliamentary election at a polling center in the Shubra neighborhood of Cairo, Egypt, Monday, Nov. 28, 2011. Shaking off years of political apathy, Egyptians on Monday began voting in their nation’s first parliamentary elections since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster, a giant step toward what many in the country hope will be a democratic Egypt after decades of dictatorship.(AP Photo/David Sperry)

    Egyptian Army soldiers stand guard as voters wait outside a polling station on the first day of parliamentary elections in Luxor, Egypt, Monday, Nov. 28, 2011. Shaking off years of political apathy, Egyptians on Monday began voting in their nation’s first parliamentary elections since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster, a giant step toward what many in the country hope will be a democratic Egypt after decades of dictatorship. (AP Photo)

    An elderly man casts his ballot on the first day of parliamentary elections in Luxor, Egypt, Monday, Nov. 28, 2011. Shaking off years of political apathy, Egyptians on Monday began voting in their nation’s first parliamentary elections since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster, a giant step toward what many in the country hope will be a democratic Egypt after decades of dictatorship. (AP Photo)

    An Egyptian man votes in the country’s parliamentary election at a polling center in the Shubra neighborhood of Cairo, Egypt, Monday, Nov. 28, 2011. Shaking off years of political apathy, Egyptians on Monday began voting in their nation’s first parliamentary elections since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster, a giant step toward what many in the country hope will be a democratic Egypt after decades of dictatorship.(AP Photo/David Sperry)

    CAIRO (AP) ? Polls opened Tuesday for a second day of voting in Egypt’s landmark parliamentary elections, the first since Hosni Mubarak’s ouster in a popular uprising earlier this year.

    The historic election ? which promises to be the fairest and cleanest in Egypt in living memory ? will show whether the country that is one of America’s most important Middle East allies will remain secular or move down a more Islamic path as have other nations swept up in the Arab Spring.

    The turnout Monday, the first voting day, was massive despite security concerns and turmoil over a deadly spate of violence in the week before the balloting. It reflects the Egyptians’ determination to break away from the past after 10 months of frustration over how the military rulers who took over from Mubarak have been handling the transition.

    “I am voting for this country’s sake. We want a new beginning,” said Zeinab Saad, 50, who brought her young daughter to a polling station in Cairo. “Its a great thing to feel like your vote matters.”

    The voting process, long and complicated, is staggered over the next six weeks across 27 provinces, divided into thirds with runoffs held a week after the first round in each location.

    Voters have to pick two individuals and one alliance or party slate ? a mechanics that has left many among the 50 million eligible voters puzzled and apparently still undecided.

    While the overwhelming majority spoke with excitement over getting to cast their ballot, a few headed to the polls to avoid a 500 Egyptian pounds ($85) fee imposed by the ruling military on absent voters. In some of the country’s populous districts, younger voters dragged their elders to make sure they would not have to pay the fine.

    “I am voting here just because of the 500 Egyptian pounds,” said Walaa Mohammed, a 33-year-old office employee, adding she didn’t think the lines outside polling stations would not be so long if it were not for the fine.

    In the Menshiya neighborhood in the Mediterranean city of Alexandria, long separate lines of men and women waited patiently in front of polling stations, where the ground was littered with Muslim Brotherhood fliers as activists campaigned into the last minute, whispering to voters to pick their candidates.

    Associated Press

    Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-11-29-ML-Egypt/id-a247f0a53af641fb8ee4b91cacf60218

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  • The extreme physical changes that come during pregnancy may be most evident in humans, but they plague other animals as well. New research shows that pregnant dolphins are so hefty the increased drag on the body makes them swim slower.

    “They have this huge body and that creates a large frontal surface area and that drag is going to pull at them,” study researcher Shawn Noren, of the University of California, at Santa Cruz, told LiveScience. “Swim performance is lower as well.”

    It’s possible that this extra effort to swim fast could have an impact on the species’ survival. If the pregnant dolphins can’t escape predators or keep up with their group when chased by tuna fishermen, it could explain why the population isn’t rebounding as quickly as expected, Noren said. (Groups of dolphins and groups of tuna tend to live in close proximity, so tuna fishermen chase down dolphins to get to the tuna that usually live below them.)

    Dolphins in action

    Noren filmed two pregnant dolphins at Dolphin Quest in Hawaii. They were nearly full term. She compared these videos with video taken two years after the pregnancy and found that not only did the larger fully pregnant females produce more drag as they swam through the water, their swimming technique was also altered.

    An analysis showed that by having a greater surface area due to their pregnant bellies, which meant more water for the dolphins to push out of their way as they swam, the drag on their bodies increased by about 50 percent compared with their svelte, non-pregnant state.

    “When this animal is not pregnant it can swim exactly twice as fast and get the same drag,” Noren said.

    Because of where the baby dolphin sits (near the mama’s tail) during development, the mothers also didn’t have as much flexibility at near full-term. They couldn’t flip their tails up and down as far as they could after giving birth, so they compensated by flipping their tails about 14 percent more often. [Infographic: How Long Are Animals Pregnant?]

    “That whole second half of the animal’s body is what the dolphins use to swim, and that fetus is sitting back there toward the back part of the tail,” Noren said. “We measured the same animals after birth [of their baby], and they were moving their tail flukes higher when they weren’t pregnant than when they were.”

    Predator chases

    These weighed-down mamas might have more trouble outrunning predators (or tuna fishermen) in the wild. Noren notes that their wild predators, which include sharks and some whales, can reach speeds faster than these pregnant dolphins and so might be able to overtake them in a chase.

    During these chases, fleeing either aquatic or human predators, young, sick or pregnant dolphins may lose their group, which, Noren said, “could explain why the population isn’t recoveringat the expected rate.”

    This kind of pregnancy drag is likely present in every animal. Birds and land animals (and even insects) need to fight against gravity to keep moving, and as they grow larger this gets more difficult.

    “Every animal has shown reduced performance [during pregnancy] and becomes quite sedentary,” Noren said. Not many studies have been able to show exactly how much of a drag pregnancy can be.

    The study was published Nov. 24 in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

    You can follow LiveScience staff writer Jennifer Welsh on Twitter @microbelover. Follow LiveScience for the latest in science news and discoveries on Twitter @livescience and on Facebook.

    Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/parenting/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20111128/sc_livescience/dolphinpregnancyisadragliterally

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  • ROME (AP) ? The United Nations has completed the first-ever global assessment of the state of the planet’s land resources, finding in a report Monday that a quarter of all land is highly degraded and warning the trend must be reversed if the world’s growing population is to be fed.

    The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that farmers will have to produce 70 percent more food by 2050 to meet the needs of the world’s expected 9 billion-strong population. That amounts to 1 billion tons more wheat, rice and other cereals and 200 million more tons of beef and other livestock.

    But as it is, most available land is already being farmed, and in ways that actually decrease its productivity through practices that lead to soil erosion and wasting of water.

    That means that to meet the world’s future food needs, a major “sustainable intensification” of agricultural productivity on existing farmland will be necessary, the FAO said in “State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture.”

    The report was released Monday, as delegates from around the world meet in Durban, South Africa, for a two-week U.N. climate change conference aimed at breaking the deadlock on how to curb emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

    The report found that climate change coupled with poor farming practices had contributed to a decrease in productivity of the world’s farmland following the boon years of the Green Revolution, when crop yields soared thanks to new technologies, pesticides and the introduction of high-yield crops.

    Thanks to the Green Revolution, the world’s cropland grew by just 12 percent between 1961 and 2009, but food productivity increased by 150 percent.

    But the U.N. report found that rates of growth have been slowing down in many areas and today are only half of what they were at the peak of the Green Revolution.

    It found that 25 percent of the world’s land is now “highly degraded,” with soil erosion, water degradation and biodiversity loss. Another eight percent is moderately degraded, while 36 percent is stable or slightly degraded and 10 percent is ranked as “improving.”

    The rest of the Earth’s surface is either bare or covered by inland water bodies.

    Some examples of areas at risk: Western Europe, where highly intensive agriculture has led to pollution of soil and aquifers and a resulting loss of biodiversity; In the highlands of the Himalayas, the Andes, the Ethiopian plateau and southern Africa, soil erosion has been coupled with an increase intensity of floods; In southeast and eastern Asia’s rice-based food systems, land has been abandoned thanks in part to a loss of the cultural value of it.

    The report found that water around the world is becoming ever more scarce and salinated, while groundwater is becoming more polluted by agricultural runoff and other toxins.

    In order to meet the world’s water needs in 2050, more efficient irrigation will necessary since currently most irrigation systems perform well below their capacity, FAO said.

    The agency called for new farming practices like integrated irrigation and fish-farm systems to meet those demands, as well as overall investment in agricultural development.

    The price tag deemed necessary for investments through 2050: $1 trillion in irrigation water management alone for developing countries, with another $160 billion for soil conservation and flood control.

    ___

    Online:

    www.fao.org

    Associated Press

    Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/b2f0ca3a594644ee9e50a8ec4ce2d6de/Article_2011-11-28-EU-UN-Food-and-Water/id-0dbfea9668b54a049535000548d34e27

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  • CAIRO (Reuters) ? Protesters demanding an end to army rule in Egypt sought on Saturday to build on momentum from a mass protest, bedding down in Cairo’s Tahrir Square for a ninth day just two days before the first free parliamentary polls in living memory.

    Thousands stayed in the square late into the night on Friday, aiming to keep up pressure on the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces to further speed up a transition to democracy which they believe requires the generals to leave power now.

    The political turmoil and violence – 41 people were killed this week – are compounding the economic woes of a country where livelihoods have been battered by a year of turmoil that started with the toppling of Hosni Mubarak in February by mass protests.

    The generals have shown no sign of giving way to the demand to quit now. Instead, they have responded by promising that a new president would be elected by mid-2012, sooner than previously announced, and appointing a new prime minister to head a “national salvation government.”

    Kamal Ganzouri, the new prime minister, held the same post under Mubarak. Speaking to the media on Friday, he described his task as thankless and “extremely difficult” and listed his priorities as securing the streets and reviving the economy. Egypt’s pound has weakened to its lowest level in seven years.

    The Tahrir protesters have dismissed Ganzouri, 78, as yet another face from the past whose appointment reflects the generals’ resistance to change.

    “Why are they picking Ganzouri now? This shows that the army is unwilling to let go of any power by recycling a former ally. This government won’t have any powers, why else pick someone that is loyal to them,” said protester Mohamed El Meligy, 20.

    DIVIDE

    Tahrir Square and the surrounding streets were relatively calm on Friday after the deployment of extra security forces in areas where youths had clashed with police earlier this week.

    The violence had fueled public anger at the military council and drawn more protesters to Tahrir Square.

    If maintained, the calm will deflate the arguments of those who argue that the first phase of the three-stage parliamentary vote should be postponed because of this week’s turmoil.

    In a further boost to the military council, several thousand protesters demonstrated in support of the generals’ role in another Cairo square on Friday — a further echo from the last days of Mubarak’s rule when loyalists took to the streets.

    Though smaller than the “Last Chance Friday” protest in Tahrir Square, the demonstration highlighted the division between revolutionary youths wanting to overhaul the whole system and more cautious Egyptians keen to restore normality.

    The appointment of Ganzouri, who was prime minister from 1996 to 1999, has also drawn attention to the division.

    “I favor him. He is a very good man, he did a lot of good things. If he had continued in his role (in 1999) the situation would have stayed much better,” said restaurant worker Osama Amara, 22.

    The military council announced on Friday that each round of voting would be held over two days instead of one to give everyone the chance to cast their vote.

    In Tahrir, where the main political groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood’s Freedom and Justice Party have avoided demonstrating this week, some protesters said the vote should still be delayed.

    The Brotherhood, Egypt’s best organized political force, wants the election to go ahead as scheduled.

    “Believe me, I don’t know who I am going to vote for,” said Hoda Ragab, a 55-year-old woman at Friday’s protest in Tahrir.

    “In all sincerity, it’s because I don’t have any program for any party in these conditions. It would be better for the elections to be delayed a week or two, so we can get over these problems,” she said.

    (Additional reporting by Mohamed Abdellah and Marwa Awad; Editing by Tim Pearce)

    Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/world/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111125/wl_nm/us_egypt_protests

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  • NEW DELHI (Reuters) ? Security forces likely killed top Maoist military commander Koteshwar Rao in a West Bengal jungle on Thursday, the government said, striking a major blow to fighters who control large, impoverished but mineral-rich swathes of the country.

    The government describes the guerrilla movement as India’s biggest internal security threat.

    Rao, known as Kishenji, was held responsible for the death of dozens of police. The interior ministry confirmed a man was killed in a fire-fight during an operation to capture the leader.

    “Officers on the spot said it was Maoist leader Kishenji … 99 percent sure it was Kishenji,” Home Secretary RK Singh told the PTI news agency.

    The rebel, who evaded capture during three decades of fighting to overthrow the state, often appeared with his back to the camera in news reports, his head covered by a scarf and a rifle slung over one shoulder.

    The Maoists say they are fighting for the rights of poor peasants and landless labourers, and blame the federal government for doing little for the welfare of poor tribal people.

    The rebels feed off the resentment of millions of poor people who have not shared the benefits of the boom in India’s economy, which grew 8.5 percent last year.

    They control a narrow forested, mineral-rich belt stretching over 22 of India’s 28 states. But their influence remains largely restricted to the countryside and small towns.

    (Reporting By Frank Jack Daniel; Editing by Sophie Hares)

    Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/india/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111124/india_nm/india607194

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  • As Didion tells it here, the story of Quintana?s adoption had a mythic element. At a party in 1966, the actress Diana Lynn said she knew a doctor who could help the couple adopt; soon afterward that doctor called them up to say, ?I have a beautiful baby girl at St. John?s.? The news came ?out of the blue,? Didion writes, yet the infant ?could not have been more exactly the baby I wanted.? The origin myth goes hand-in-hand with a portrait of parental confusion: Didion is unsparingly specific about the couple?s social milieu as Hollywood writers, and the ways in which she and her husband, John Gregory Dunne, were not conventionally prepared to absorb into their lives the child who had been given to them. Drily, she notes that she ?had not considered the need for a bassinette? and describes the two of them celebrating with a baby Quintana in mob fixer Sidney Korshak?s booth at The Bistro on the day the adoption was made legal. Didion and Dunne planned to take the infant Quintana to Saigon, because they already had plans to go; Didion recounts shopping for ?a flowered Porthault parasol to shade the baby, as if she and I were about to board a Pan Am flight and disembark at Le Cercle Sportif.? The couple assiduously build a vision of Quintana as ?the perfect child,? with John urging Didion to come watch their daughter??a towhead in that Malibu sun??descend the hill toward the glowingly blue Pacific on her way to school. ?How could I not have had misconceptions?? Didion writes now.

    Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=d298b4644616c543c066850bcc6bcc42

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  • (AP) ? Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney is defending a TV ad that quotes President Barack Obama out of context, signaling he’s ready for bare-knuckled campaigning despite sharp complaints from Democrats and some neutral observers.

    Romney said while campaigning in Iowa Wednesday that the ad is fair game, and underscores how the former Massachusetts governor stressing his decades in the private sector intends to confront the president if Romney is the GOP nominee next year.

    The ad which began airing in New Hampshire Tuesday uses audio of then-Sen. Obama campaigning in the state in 2008, saying: “If we keep talking about the economy, we’re going to lose.

    The ad omits any acknowledgement that Obama was quoting the campaign of his opponent, 2008 GOP nominee John McCain. Instead, the ad leaves the impression that it is Obama who does not want to discuss the economy.

    Romney told reporters in Des Moines his campaign distributed the ad with a press release noting the words were originally from Obama’s opponent.

    “There was no hidden effort on the part of our campaign. It was instead to point out that what’s sauce for the goose is now sauce for the gander,” Romney said, after addressing more than 300 employees of a downtown insurance company. “This ad points out, now, guess what, it’s your turn. The same lines used on John McCain are now going to be used on you, which is that this economy is going to be your albatross.”

    It’s a more aggressive tone for Romney, who all along in his second bid for the GOP nomination has cast himself as the field’s most prepared candidate to tackle the economy. Now, he is signaling that he’ll pull no punches with Obama.

    “How we will beat President Obama is by speaking day in and day out about the one topic he does not want to talk about. And that’s the economy,” Romney said, with U.S. Sen. John Thune, a South Dakota Republican who endorsed him Wednesday, by his side. “If I’m the nominee, he’ll be trying to take me apart.”

    Democrats roundly criticized the ad as misleading.

    PolitiFact, a non-partisan campaign watchdog, referred to the ad’s use of Obama’s past comment as “ridiculously misleading,” and noted the campaign could have conveyed the point that the tables had turned on Obama “without distorting Obama’s words.”

    Romney’s appearances in Iowa Wednesday reflect his recent stepped-up his activity in the state that will hold the first caucuses on Jan 3.

    While just his fifth visit to the state this year, it was his third in about a month.

    In the meantime, his small campaign staff has grown modestly, been in regular touch with the statewide network of supporters he has held onto since his second-place finish in the 2008 caucuses. He is organizing a series of telephone question-and-answer sessions with thousands of Iowans, and is planning to unveil campaign ads in Iowa soon.

    He still has not appeared with his Republican competitors in the state, having skipped three events over the past month.

    Romney has said he plans to debate his GOP rivals in Iowa. There are debates scheduled December 10 in Des Moines and five days later in Sioux City.

    Associated Press

    Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2011-11-23-Romney-2012/id-9e0b92f43d52449e87bbf8bbade5b1c1

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  • GENEVA ? Global warming gases have hit record levels in the world’s atmosphere, with concentrations of carbon dioxide up 39 percent since the start of the industrial era in 1750, the U.N. weather agency said Monday.

    The new figures for 2010 from the World Meteorological Organization show that CO2 levels are now at 389 parts per million, up from about 280 parts per million a quarter-millenium ago. The levels are significant because the gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

    WMO Deputy Secretary-General Jeremiah Lengoasa said CO2 emissions are to blame for about four-fifths of the rise. But he noted the lag between what gets pumped into the atmosphere and its effect on climate.

    “With this picture in mind, even if emissions were stopped overnight globally, the atmospheric concentrations would continue for decades because of the long lifetime of these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” he said.

    Negotiators from virtually all the world’s nations will gather later this month in South Africa to try to agree on steps to head off the worst of the climate disruptions that researchers say will result if concentrations hit around 450 parts per million.

    That could happen within several decades at the current rate, though some climate activists and vulnerable nations say the world has already passed the danger point of 350 parts per million and must somehow undo it.

    The WMO said the increase of 2.3 parts per million in CO2 in the atmosphere between 2009 and 2010 shows an acceleration from the average 1.5 parts per million increase during the 1990s.

    But there are seasonal fluctuations, too. During the summer growing season, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. In winter, the concentration of C02 rises as vegetation and other biomass decompose.

    Since 1750, WMO says, atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have risen 39 percent, those of nitrous oxide have gone up 20 percent and concentrations of methane jumped 158 percent.

    Its report Monday cites fossil fuel-burning, loss of forests that absorb CO2 and use of fertilizer as the main culprits.

    Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/energy/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111121/ap_on_sc/eu_un_greenhouse_gases

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